The Price of Denial
Commentary by Ellen Bork, originally published in a policy magazine.
Regional · Europe and NATO
The transatlantic alliance in a changing Europe
Historical policy writing on NATO enlargement, European security, democratic development, relations with Russia and the strategic debates that shaped transatlantic affairs from 1997 to 2006.
Collection overview
Alliance policy in historical context
This collection documents arguments about how the United States and Europe understood collective defense after the Cold War.
Its records address NATO's purpose and enlargement, emerging European democracies, relations with Russia, European Union defense initiatives and disputes over arms policy. They also show how events in the Balkans, Iraq, East Asia and the Black Sea affected transatlantic debate.
Titles and bibliographic details are retained to help researchers identify historical records. Descriptions summarize format and subject without endorsing the positions expressed.
Primary index
Europe & NATO records
Items appear in reverse chronological order. Publication dates below are historical source dates, not recent editorial updates.
Article
The French Vote “No”
Policy memorandum on the French referendum and its implications for Europe.
April in Paris?
Gary Schmitt's memorandum examining a moment in French and transatlantic politics.
Taiwan, the Vatican, and Hong Kong
Ellen Bork's policy memorandum connecting European diplomacy with East Asian affairs.
Human Rights and the EU Arms Embargo
A memorandum considering human-rights policy and European arms restrictions.
Democracy and the Black Sea Region
Bruce Jackson on democratic development and security around the Black Sea.
Democracy in Russia
A historical memorandum assessing political conditions in Russia.
Europe, China and the Arms Embargo
Remarks by Ellen Bork on European-Chinese partnership and American interests.
Listen to the Czechs
Ellen Bork's commentary on Czech perspectives in European policy.
Schroeder in China
A memorandum by Gary Schmitt on German-Chinese relations.
America's Role in Asia and the EU Arms Embargo
Ellen Bork on alliance interests, Asia and European arms policy.
French-American Relations
Tim Lehmann's memorandum on bilateral relations and strategic priorities.
Stand Up to Putin
Robert Kagan's commentary on American and European policy toward Russia.
Don't Lift the EU Arms Embargo on China
Commentary by Ellen Bork and Jeff Bergner on European arms policy.
The Forgotten Europe
Bruce Jackson on the security and political position of European states.
Keep a Common Front on Arms Sales to China
Ellen Bork's argument for coordinated transatlantic arms policy.
The Strategic Significance of March 11
Rafael L. Bardají's assessment of security implications following the Madrid attacks.
Everyone Appeases China
Ellen Bork's historical commentary on European and international China policy.
The Failure of Putin's Russia
Bruce Jackson's commentary on Russian governance and Western policy.
NATO & EU Defense Plans
Gary Schmitt's memorandum on institutional roles in European defense.
Consolidating Democracy in Europe
A memorandum on democratic institutions and European integration.
Future of NATO
William Kristol's testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, summarized for navigation.
Blair, Chirac & Iraq
Daniel McKivergan's memorandum on European divisions over Iraq policy.
French Foreign Policy
A historical overview of French policy during a period of transatlantic dispute.
Politicians With Guts
Robert Kagan's commentary on European political leadership and Iraq.
Why NATO's 10 New Eastern European Applicants Respect American Freedoms
Ellen Bork on NATO applicants and transatlantic political values.
Power and Weakness
Robert Kagan's essay on differing American and European strategic outlooks.
The President’s Trip to Europe & “Power and Weakness”
Gary Schmitt's memorandum on a presidential visit and transatlantic strategy.
NATO Enlargement
Tom Donnelly's memorandum on enlargement and alliance strategy.
Allies in America's National Interest
Jeffrey Gedmin and Gary Schmitt on the strategic role of alliances.
A Good Week's Work
Robert Kagan's commentary on American diplomacy in Europe.
Europe's New Democracies and the Future of Alliance Security
page containing alliance material associated with Gary Schmitt and Nadezhda Mihaylova.
NATO
Gary Schmitt's memorandum reviewing alliance policy at the start of the decade.
NATO and Kosovo
A memorandum examining the alliance's role following the Kosovo conflict.
Old NATO Meets the New Europe
Mark Lagon's commentary on institutional change and post-Cold War Europe.
The Cost of NATO Expansion
Gary Schmitt's memorandum on the financial debate surrounding enlargement.
Russia and NATO Enlargement
A memorandum on Russian relations and alliance expansion.
NATO Enlargement: What Is “the Threat?”
Gary Schmitt's memorandum on the strategic case surrounding enlargement.
Why NATO Enlargement Is in America's Strategic Interest
William Kristol's memorandum presenting a historical argument for enlargement.
Catalog notes
Unlinked records in the source index
These entries appeared without a document link. They are retained as concise catalog references rather than assigned invented destinations.
Project memorandum
William Kristol · 1 April 1999
Project memorandum
Gary Schmitt · 20 March 1998
Statement before the Senate Armed Services Committee
William Kristol · March 1998
The Case for NATO Expansion
Project report · March 1998
Project memorandum
Gary Schmitt · 14 July 1997
NATO: The More the Merrier
Magazine editorial · 21 July 1997
The Battle of Madrid
Magazine editorial · 28 July 1997
How to use this collection
Read across the debate
A chronological list is a starting point. Comparing formats and neighboring regional collections provides essential context.
Locate
Use titles, dates and formats to identify material relevant to a policy question.
Contextualize
Distinguish the document's historical circumstances from present-day alliance conditions.
Compare
Read regional arguments alongside defense, Balkans and global-issues records.
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Related collections
These sections provide additional context for European security, alliance strategy and regional policy.